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VF-123, 1953 The Grumman F9F Panther was the manufacturer's first jet fighter and the U.S. Navy’s second. The Panther was the most widely used U.S. Navy jet fighter of the Korean War. It flew 78,000 sorties and was responsible for the first air kill by the US Navy in the war—the downing of a North Korean Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter. Total F9F production was 1,382, with several variants being shipped to Argentina for export. Development studies at the Grumman company began near the end of the World War II as the first jet engines emerged. The prototype Panther, piloted by test pilot Corky Meyer, first flew on 24 November 1947. Propulsion was a Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet built under license by Pratt & Whitney as the J42. Since there was insufficient space within the wings and fuselage for fuel for the thirsty jet, permanently-mounted wingtip fuel tanks were added which incidentally improved the fighter's rate of roll. It was cleared for flight from aircraft carriers in September 1949. During the development phase, Grumman decided to change the Panther's engine, selecting the Pratt & Whitney J48-P-2, a license built version of the Rolls-Royce Tay. The other engine that had been tested was the Allison J33-A-16, a development of the Rolls-Royce Derwent. From 1946, a swept-wing version was considered and after concerns about the Panther's inferiority to its MiG opponents in Korea, a conversion of the Panther (Design 93) resulted in a swept-wing derivative of the Panther, the Grumman F9F Cougar, which retained the Panther's designation number. F9F-2s, F9F-3s and F9F-5s served with distinction in the Korean War, downing two Yak-9s and five Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s with a loss of one F9F. On 3 July 1950, LT (j.g.) Leonard H. Plog of U.S. Navy's VF-51 flying an F9F-3 scored the first air victory of the war by shooting down a Yak-9. The first MiG-15 downed was on 9 November 1950 by U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander William (Bill) Amen of VF-111 "Sundowners" Squadron flying an F9F-2B. Two more were downed on 18 November 1950 , and the other two were downed on the 18 November 1952. The type was the primary Navy jet fighter and ground-attack plane in the Korean conflict. Panthers were withdrawn from front-line service in 1956, but remained in training roles and with Reserve units until 1958, some continuing to serve in small numbers into the 1960s. Crew: 1 Length: 37 ft 5 in (11.3 m) Wingspan: 38 ft 0 in (11.6 m) Height: 11 ft 4 in (3.8 m) Wing area: 250 ft² (23 m²) Empty weight: 9,303 lb (4,220 kg) Loaded weight: 14,235 lb (6,456 kg) Max takeoff weight: 16,450 lb (7,462 kg) Powerplant: 1× Pratt & Whitney J42-P-6/P-8 turbojet, 5,950 lbf (26.5 kN) with water injection Maximum speed: 500 knots (575 mph, 925 km/h) Range: 1,300 mi (1,100 nm, 2,100 km) Service ceiling: 44,600 ft (13,600 m) Rate of climb: 5,140 ft/min (26.1 m/s) Wing loading: 71 lb/ft² (350 kg/m²) Thrust/weight: 0.42 Guns: 4× 20 mm (0.787 in) M2 cannon, 190 rounds/gun Hardpoints: Underwing hardpoints with provisions to carry combinations of: Rockets: 6× 5 in (127 mm) rockets on underwing hardpoints Bombs: 2,000 lb (910 kg) of bombs USN 81 René Hieronymus Scale 1:72 Building time: 23 hrs. |